为调查广西人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus，HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS)患者合并马尔尼菲篮状菌(Talaromyces marneffei，TM)感染的特征并评价TM Mp1p(一种甘露糖蛋白)抗原试剂盒(酶联免疫吸附试验)的临床检测效果，本研究收集广西壮族自治区柳州市人民医院2018年8月—2019年6月确诊的200例HIV感染者/AIDS患者的信息并采集其血浆和咽拭子，获得血浆样本118份、咽拭子样本111份，用TM抗原试剂盒检测，并与病原学培养结果进行比较。结果显示，200例HIV感染者/AIDS患者中TM总体感染率为10%，且CD4^＋T细胞计数越低者TM感染率越高， CD4^＋T细胞≤50/μL时TM感染率高达29%。差异性分析显示，与HIV-1感染者相比，20例HIV-1合并TM感染者的CD4^＋T细胞、淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血小板水平下降，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)，门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase，AST)、AST/丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase，ALT)和D-二聚体升高，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以病原学培养结果为金标准，TM抗原试剂盒检测118份血浆样本的灵敏度为80%(95% CI：51.1～94.7)，特异度为97.1%(95% CI：91.1～99.2)，检测111例咽拭子样本的灵敏度为41.7% (95% CI：16.5～71.4)，特异度为100%(95% CI：0.95～1)。结果表明，TM抗原试剂盒检测血浆样本的灵敏度良好，特异度高，适合临床TM感染的筛检。因此，对CD4^＋T细胞计数低的HIV感染者/AIDS患者应及早进行Mp1p抗原快速筛检，做到早发现、早治疗，从而降低TM感染的发病率和死亡率。

The present paper aims to investigate the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients combined with Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to evaluate a TM antigen detection kit. The information of 200 HIV/AIDS patients including 20 patients combined with TM infection from Liuzhou People’s Hospital was collected. The overall TM infection rate was 10%, and TM infection rate was higher in the patients with lower CD4^＋ T counts. In the patients with CD4^＋ T counts ≤50/μL, TM infection rate could be as high as 29%. The CD4^＋ T count, lymphocyte, hemoglobin, albumin, and platelet levels in HIV/AIDS patients combined with TM infection were significantly lower than those HIV/AIDS patients without TM infection (P<0.001). In contrast aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and D-dimer were significantly increased in HIV/AIDS patients combined with TM infection (P<0.05). A TM antigen detection kit was used to detect TM in 118 plasma samples and 111 pharyngeal swab samples, and the results were compared with pathogenic culture results. For plasma samples, the sensitivity was 80% (95% CI: 51.1-94.7) and the specificity was 97.1% (95% CI: 91.1-99.2). For pharyngeal swab samples, the sensitivity was 41.7% (95% CI: 16.5-71.4) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI: 0.95-1). The results showed that the TM antigen detection kit has good sensitivity and high specificity for plasma sample detection, which maybe suitable for the clinical screening of TM infection. It is recommended that HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4^＋ T counts should be screened for Mp1p antigen as soon as possible for early detection and early treatment, and to reduce the mortality.