百日咳长期以来被认为只发生于儿童。近30年来国外对百日咳再现开展的流行病学调查发现，与疫苗前时代不同，青少年和成人已成为百日咳的主要发病人群。目前，国内百日咳报告病例以婴儿为主，这与临床对青少年和成人百日咳认识不足有关。疫苗时代多数青少年和成人百日咳多表现为轻症，常未就诊；即使就诊，因缺乏典型症状和实验室检查等原因常被漏诊、误诊。因此，临床应高度关注青少年和成人百日咳问题，积极开展广泛深入的研究，认清百日咳表现的多样性，对可疑患者及时进行实验室检测以实现早诊断。只有加强青少年和成人百日咳病例管理，才能有效预防婴儿百日咳重症和死亡的发生。

Pertussis has long been considered a childhood disease. Recently, studies from the developed world have shown that, unlike in the pre-vaccine era, adolescents and adults are the major population of current resurgence of pertussis. However, infants are still the absolute majority of reported cases in China, which is closely related to our lack of clinical understanding for adolescent and adult cases. In the vaccine era, most adolescent and adult pertussis cases are mild and do not seek medical attention. Due to lack of typical symptoms and laboratory tests, they are often misdiagnosed or never diagnosed. At present, Chinese doctors should pay more attention to pertussis among adolescents and adults, to carry out extensive and in-depth studies, then recognize the diversity of pertussis manifestations; Timely laboratory tests for suspected patients should be conducted to achieve early diagnosis. The infant could be protected from severe illness and death by promoting the management of the adolescent and adult pertussis cases.