摘要
病毒感染与癌症的关系是生物医学领域中非常重要的研究方向, 估计当前全世界至少20% 人类肿瘤的发生与病毒感染有密切联系。本文对反转录病毒诱发肿瘤的各种作用机制进行了详细阐述。根据致病速度的快慢, 反转录病毒被分为两大类: 能迅速诱导肿瘤产生的急性转化反转录病毒和缓慢诱导肿瘤产生的非急性转化反转录病毒。急性转化反转录病毒通过其自身携带的癌基因快速诱导肿瘤产生, 而细胞原癌基因的插入激活则是非急性转化反转录病毒引起肿瘤的主要机制。对反转录病毒致瘤机制的研究揭示了肿瘤发生过程中的一些重要原理和机制, 包括原癌基因激活以及肿瘤抑制基因失活等, 对探讨非病毒引起的人类肿瘤的发生机制同样具有重要的参考意义。
Abstract
Viruses and cancers have been important subjects for research in biomedical sciences for many years. It is nowestimated that at least 20% of human cancers worldwide have an underlying viral etiology. In this article oncogenesis by retroviruses will be reviewed in details. In terms of disease, retroviruses can be divided into two classes based on howrapidly they cause disease. Acute transforming retroviruses induce tumors rapidly, while non-acute retroviruses induce disease more slowly. Their mechanisms of carcinogenesis are different, and this reviewwill address them separately. Acute transforming retroviruses contain oncogenes which endow viruses with the ability to induce tumors rapidly. However, the common mechanism by which non-acute retroviruses induce cancers is insertional activation of cellular proto-oncogenes. The study of oncogenesis of retroviruses identified several important principles of carcinogenesis including activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that turned out to be important for non-viral cancers of humans as well.
关键词
肿瘤发生 /
癌基因 /
原癌基因插入激活
Key words
Retrovirus /
Oncogenesis /
Oncogene /
Insertional activation of proto-oncogenes
Hung Y. Fan.
反转录病毒感染与肿瘤发生[J]. 微生物与感染. 2009, 4(3): 174-190
Hung Y. Fan.
Retroviruses and oncogenesis[J]. Journal of Microbes and Infections. 2009, 4(3): 174-190
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