结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)是一种重要的人兽共患病病原菌，人类是其主要宿主。千百年来，由于动物与人类关系密切，动物也成为结核分枝杆菌的重要宿主，且感染结核分枝杆菌的动物还能成为传染源，将其传播至人类和其他动物。关于动物感染结核分枝杆菌已有大量报道，包括大象、非人灵长类动物、貘、海狮、犬、猫、牛、鸟等。本文就结核分枝杆菌在野生动物、家畜中的流行与传播进行介绍，总结其在动物间传播的主要途径。

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. Although human beings are considered to be the primary host for this pathogen, the other animals are also implicated in the transmission and (or) infection. Until now, reports showed that animals such as elephants, non-human primates, tapirs, seals, dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, cattle and birds could be infected by M. tuberculosis. This review mainly described the prevalence and transmission of M. tuberculosis in wild and domestic animals, and summarized the main transmission routes of M. tuberculosis in these animals.