为了调查抑郁症患者的肠道微生物特征并验证肠道微生物是否可以成为抑郁症干预的新靶点，本研究共收集19例抑郁症患者和20例健康人的粪便样本进行16S rRNA高通量测序，并采用抑郁症自我评估量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)对参与者进行评估。基线微生物群分析显示，与健康人相比，抑郁症患者肠道菌群的Alpha多样性无群落级差异。差异物种分析表明，在抑郁症组中存在大芬戈尔德菌(Finegoldia)、干酪乳杆菌(Lactiaseibacillus)、肠杆菌目(Enterobacterales)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、纺锤链杆菌属(Fusicatenilbacter)、梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridia) 6种标志性微生物。相关性分析表明，健康组中显著富集的粪球菌属(Coprococcus)与抑郁焦虑水平呈明显负相关。本研究基于肠道微生物16SrRNA的高通量测序来解析抑郁症患者的肠道菌群结构和组成，并为缓解抑郁症的临床症状提供了潜在的微生物干预靶点。

In this study, feces from 19 cases of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 20 healthy individuals were collected for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, in order to investigate the gut microbiota profile of depression and whether gut microbiota can be a predictor of depression. Participants’ assessment scores for patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) were analyzed in relation to the different microbiota between the two groups. No significant difference in alpha diversity was found in depressed compared to healthy individuals. Differential species analysis revealed a significant enrichment of six signature microorganisms in the depression group, including Finegoldia, Lactiaseibacillus, Enterobacterales, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusicatenilbacter, and Clostridia. Significant enrichment of Coprococcus in the healthy group was significantly and negatively correlated with levels of depression and anxiety. The structure and composition of the gut flora of patients with depression were resolved based on high-throughput sequencing of gut microbial 16SrRNA, which provided potential microbial markers for the alleviation of clinical symptoms of depression.