本研究旨在模拟公共卫生生物样本库的感染性标本的转运/暂存、冷冻保藏再利用场景，通过在兔血清和饮用水中外加大肠埃希菌模拟感染性人类血清样本和环境水样，评估不同运输温度、冷冻温度、冻融循环，尤其是液氮温区环境对样本中细菌活性的影响。结果显示，感染性血清和饮用水在4 ℃运输条件下，样本中的大肠埃希菌数均随着时间的增加呈逐步下降的趋势；干冰运输条件下，饮用水样本中的大肠埃希菌数在12 h后下降至极低水平。在 －20 ℃、－80 ℃和液氮条件下，血清冻融1～3次后大肠埃希菌数结果与基准值无统计学差异。本研究建议应全程记录每个环节影响样本质量的关键数据，例如：转运温度、时限和冻融循环总次数，作为分析前信息记入生物样本库信息系统，尽管这不是生物样本操作信息，但可直接影响检验结果的准确性。

The aim of this study is to simulate the transportation/temporary storage, frozen storage, and reuse scenarios of infectious specimens in public health biological sample banks. By adding Escherichia coli to rabbit serum and drinking water to simulate infectious human serum samples and environmental water samples, the effects of different transportation temperatures, freezing temperatures, and freeze-thaw cycles on bacterial activity in samples, especially in deep low-temperature environments, were evaluated. The results showed that under transportation conditions of 4 ℃ for infectious serum and drinking water, the number of Escherichia coli in the samples gradually decreased over time. Under dry ice transportation conditions, the number of Escherichia coli in the drinking water samples decreased to an extremely low level after 12 h. Under the conditions of －20 ℃， －80 ℃， and liquid nitrogen, there was no statistical difference between the results of Escherichia coli count after 1 to 3 times freeze-thaws of serum and the reference value. This study suggests that key data affecting sample quality at each stage should be recorded throughout the entire process, and pre-analysis information such as transportation temperature, time limit, and total number of freeze-thaw cycles should be recorded in the biological sample library information system. Although they are not biological sample operation information, the accuracy of the results can be directly affected.