聚乙二醇干扰素(PEG-IFN) 是抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) 的主要药物，较核背(酸)类药物有更强的免疫控制能力和更高的HBV 表面抗原(HBsAg) 阴转率和HBVe 抗原(HBeAg) 血清学转换率。治疗中，疗效预测非常重要，这有助于优化治疗方案。随着HBsAg定量检测技术的发展及对HBV感染自然史的研究，人们己认识到HBsAg水平与疾病进展和机体免疫状态之间的关系。近年来的研究亦表明，抗病毒治疗中HBsAg和HBeAg水平的变化与持续病毒学应答有密切关系，可准确预测疗效。但目前研究仍存在许多不足，需进一步规范和评估其预测价值。本文综述了近年来这方面的研究进展。

Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is the main measure of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy. Compared with nucleotide drugs , PEG-IFN can achieve better immune control and higher serum conversion rates for both HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg). With the development in sensitive assays for quantification of HBsAg and the study of natural history of HBV infection in recent years, studies demonstrated that there is a correlation between HBsAg level and both disease progression and host immune status. Recent studies have shown that HBsAg and HBeAg levels during anti-HBV therapy are closely related to sustained virologic response and could accurately predict the efficacy of treatment. Additional work is needed to standardize and validate these assays before they can be considered to be of true clinical applicability. The research progress in this area is reviewed in the present paper.