本文报道1例通过肺组织活检明确诊断的艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎(Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, PCP)病例，结合文献复习，分析艾滋病合并PCP的病理学特点及临床诊治措施。本例患者经实验室检查确诊为艾滋病，通过气管镜肺活检取得肺组织标本，组织病理学诊断为PCP，给予复方磺胺甲 唑治疗后病情好转。PCP多见于艾滋病等免疫缺陷患者，临床上表现为间质性肺炎，提高对该病的认识并尽早进行病原学检测是确诊的关键。尽早使用复方磺胺甲 唑等有效药物是改善预后的主要措施。

One case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was retrospectively reviewed. The clinical manifestations and histopathological changes were analyzed. After a positive diagnosis of AIDS by laboratory examinations, the patient underwent a bronchoscopic lung biopsy. Pneumocystis carinii was detected in the obtained lung tissues by Gomori’s methenamine silver staining (GMS) and periodic acid­Schiff staining (PAS). With a sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) treatment, the patient recovered from pneumonia. AIDS patients are vulnerable to Pneumocystis carinii, and the complication often leads to interstitial pneumonia. The physicians should take measures to consider possible Pneumocystis carini infection and to select effective treatment after a positive detection.