本研究旨在了解不同人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus，HIV)感染途径群体中戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus，HEV)抗体情况，探讨HEV疫苗接种的必要性。采集HIV感染者的血清或血浆，利用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA)检测HEV IgG抗体、IgM抗体及抗原，荧光定量聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)检测HEV核酸，Roche高纯化HIV-1核酸定量检测试剂盒(PCR荧光法)检测HIV感染者的HIV载量。比较分析不同HIV感染途径群体中HEV流行率的差别。结果显示，HIV感染者中HEV IgG抗体的阳性率为37.4%，静脉吸毒、成分献血和传播途径不明HIV感染群体的HEV IgG抗体阳性率分别为49.3%、39.5%和30.4%。HEV核酸荧光PCR检测结果均为阴性。3种HIV感染群体之间HEV IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2＝2.978，P＞0.05)。HEV IgG阳性与阴性感染者之间HIV载量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结果提示，为保护HIV感染者免受HEV感染，应考虑接种HEV疫苗。

In order to investigate the epidemic of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients，235 serum samples collected from HIV-infected patients were subjected to molecular detections for HEV infection, these including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HEV IgG and IgM and antigen, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for HEV RNA. Roche COBAS®AmpliPrep/COBAS®TaqMan HIV-1 Test was applied for HIV levels. No HEV RNA-positive results were found in this study. The positive rate of HEV IgG antibody in intravenous drug users, blood component donors and unexplained HIV infection population were 49.3%, 39.5% and 30.4%, respectively, and the collective positive rate in HIV-infected patients was 37.4%. There was no statistically significant difference (χ2＝2.978, P>0.05) in HIV viral load among three HIV-infected groups, and between HEV IgG-positive and -negative populations (P>0.05). The results suggest that more studies are required to elucidate the role of HEV infection in HIV patients, and to establish effective preventive measures, including vaccine inoculation for HIV-infected patients.