乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)可引起人体急性或慢性感染，甚至导致肝硬化或肝癌，其作用机制目前仍未完全阐明。近年来，肠-肝轴受到广泛关注，肠道微生态的相关研究迅速发展，越来越多的实验结果表明，肠道菌群(gut microbiota, GM)与HBV相关肝病的发生和发展具有一定关联。GM可能是了解HBV感染发病机制的一个新视角，并为HBV相关疾病的治疗提供新靶点，这将对未来的治疗策略产生积极影响。本文就HBV感染者肠道菌群与乙型肝炎相关肝病的研究进展进行综述。

The mechanism by which hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute or chronic infection, and even liver cirrhosis or liver cancer, has not yet been fully elucidated. The gut-liver axis has received widespread attention in recent years, and related research on the gut microecology has developed rapidly. More and more experimental results show that gut microbiota (GM) is related to the occurrence and development of HBV-related liver diseases. GM may be a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis of HBV infection and provide new targets for the treatment of HBV-related diseases, which will have a positive impact on future treatment strategies. This article reviews the advances of the research on GM and HBV-related liver diseases in patients with HBV infection．