由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2)引起的病毒性肺炎已经扩散到全球200多个国家和地区，导致了数十万人死亡。2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 19，COVID-19)的流行病学、致病机制和临床治疗方法成为各国政府以及科研界亟待研究解决的重大问题。本文对SARS-CoV-2的病原学特征及COVID-19的发病机制、病理学研究进展进行综述，重点评述病毒受体人血管紧张素转换酶Ⅱ (human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2，ACE2)与病毒致病机制的相关性，为后续研究与防治提供参考。

A viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already spread to more than 200 countries and regions around the world, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. A better understanding of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an essential step for efficient disease control. In this review, the advances in the pathogenesis and pathology of COVID-19 are reviewed, with emphasis on the correlation between virus receptor ACE2 and pathogenesis.