1. Infection department in Huashan hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 2. Infection department in Suzhou hospital affiliated of Anhui Medical university, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China; 3. Respiratory department in the 4th affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical university, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
Abstract：Histoplasmosis is a class of fungal disease mainly caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Most of the immunocompetent people infected with Histoplasma capsulatum were self-limited and had few clinical symptoms. However, those with immunodeficiency, organ transplants and a history of travel in epidemic areas may suffer from disseminated histoplasmosis characterized by urgent onset, rapid development, and high mortality. Histoplasmosis was once considered to be an epidemic mycosis in the western hemisphere. Although it was regarded as a rare and imported infection in China, indigenous cases have been reported recently. To prevent misdiagnosis of the disease, epidemiological status, susceptible population, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment progresses of disseminated histoplasmosis are reviewed in this paper.
王牛牛1，2，郑建铭1，刘丽光1，3. 播散型组织胞浆菌病研究进展[J]. 微生物与感染, 2020, 15(6): 429-434.
WANG Niuniu, ZHENG Jianming, LIU Liguang. Advances in disseminated histoplasmosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBES AND INFECTIONS, 2020, 15(6): 429-434.
Zhao BL, Xia X, Yin J, Zhang XL, Wu ES, Shi Y, Tong MR, San SH, Gui XE, Zhao ZG, Ayinuer, Feng XY. Epidemiological investigation of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in China[J]. Chinese medical journal, 2001, 114(7): 743-746.
[2]
Pan B, Chen M, Pan WH, Liao WQ. Histoplasmosis: a new endemic fungal infection in China? Review and analysis of cases[J]. Mycoses, 2013, 56(3): 212-221.
[3]
Zanotti P, Chirico C, Gulletta M, Ardighieri L, Casari S, Roldan EQ, Izzo I, Pinsi G, Lorenzin G, Facchetti F, Castelli F, Focà E. Disseminated Histoplasmosis as AIDS presentation. Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Current Literature[J]. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis, 2018, 10(1): e2018040.
[4]
Kauffman CA, Freifeld AG, Andes DR, Baddley JW, Herwaldt L, Walker RC, Alexander BD,?Anaissie EJ,?Benedict K,?Ito JI,?Knapp KM,?Lyon GM,?Marr KA,?Morrison VA,?Park BJ,?Patterson TF,?Schuster MG,?Chiller TM,?Pappas PG. Endemic fungal infections in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients enrolled in the Transplant Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET)[J]. Transpl Infect Dis, 2014, 16(2): 213-24.
[5]
Bonsignore A, Orcioni GF, Barranco R, Stefano FD, Ravetti JL, Ventura F. Fatal disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as FUO in an immunocompetent Italian host[J]. Leg Med, 2017, 25: 66-70.
[6]
Staffolani S, Buonfrate D, Angheben A,?Gobbi F,?Giorli G,?Guerriero M,?Bisoffi Z,?Barchiesi F. Acute histoplasmosis in immunocompetent travelers: a systematic review of literature[J]. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2018, 18(1): 673.
Wheat J, Myint T, Guo Y, Kemmer P, Hage C, Terry C, Azar MM, Riddell J, Ender P, Chen S, Shehab K, Cleveland K, Esguerra E, Johnson J, Wright P, Douglas V, Vergidis P, Ooi W, Baddley J, Bamberger D, Khairy R, Vikram HR, Jenny-Avital E, Sivasubramanian G, Bowlware K, Pahud B, Sarria J, Tsai T, Assi M, Mocherla S, Prakash V, Allen D, Passaretti C, Huprikar S, Anderson A. Central nervous system histoplasmosis Multicenter retrospective study on clinical features, diagnostic approach and outcome of treatment[J]. Medicine, 2018, 97(13): e0245.
[9]
Choi SJ, Choi HS, Chun JY, Kim CJ, Lee MJ, Kim M, Choe GY. Subacute progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patient[J]. Korean J Intern Med, 2016, 31(5): 999-1002.
Hage CA, Ribes JA, Wengenack NL, Baddour LM, Assi M, McKinsey DS, Hammoud K, Alapat D, Babady NE, Parker M, Fuller D, Noor A, Davis TE, Rodgers M, Connolly PA, El Haddad B, Wheat LJ. A Multicenter Evaluation of Tests for Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2011, 53(5): 448-454.
[15]
Wheat KJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, Baddley JW, McKinsey DS, Loyd JE, Kauffman CA. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 45(7): 807-825.
[16]
Assi M, Martin S, Wheat LJ,?Hage C,?Freifeld A,?Avery R,?Baddley JW,?Vergidis P,?Miller R,?Andes D, Young JA, Hammoud K, Huprikar S, McKinsey D, Myint T, Garcia-Diaz J, Esguerra E, Kwak EJ,?Morris M, Mullane KM, Prakash V, Burdette SD, Sandid M,Dickter J, Ostrander D, Antoun SA, Kaul DR. Histoplasmosis After Solid Organ Transplant[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2013, 57(11): 1542-1549.
Miao Q, Ma YY, Wang QQ, Pan J, Zhang Y, Jin WT , Yao YM, Su Y,Huang YN , Wang MR, Li B, Li HY, Zhou CM, Li C, Ye MS, Xu XL, Li YJ, Hu BJ. Microbiological Diagnostic Performance of Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing When Applied to Clinical Practice[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2018, 67(2): 231-240.
[19]
Ling Q,?Zhu W,?Lu Q,?Jin T,?Ding S. Disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient from an endemic area[J]. Medicine, 2018, 97(29): e11486.
[20]
Wheat LJ,?Connolly P,?Smedema M,?Durkin M,?Brizendine E,?Mann P,?Patel R,?McNicholas PM,?Goldman M. Activity of newer triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum from patients with AIDS who failed fluconazole[J]. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2006, 57(6): 1235-1239.
[21]
Thompson GR, Wiederhold NP. Isavuconazole: a comprehensive review of spectrum of activity of a new triazole[J]. Mycopathologia , 2010, 170: 291-313.
[22]
Goncalves D,Ferraz C,Vaz L. Posaconazole as rescue therapy in African histoplasmosis[J]. Braz J Infect Dis, 2013, 17(1): 102-105.
[23]
Dousa KM,?De la Hoz A,?Church E,?Onger T,?Perez F,?Saade E. Progressive and disseminated histoplasma infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an immunocompetent adult[J]. Clin Case Rep, 2019, 7(5): 913-916.
[24]
Asanad S, Cerk B, Ramiretz V. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis in the setting of Acquired Immunodefificiency Syndrome (AIDS)[J]. Medical Mycology case reports, 2018, 20: 15-17.
[25]
Townsend JL, Shanbhag S, Hancock J, Browman K, Nijhawan AE. Histoplasmosis Induced Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Case Series and Review of the Literature[J]. Open Forun Infec Dis, 2015, 2(2): ofv055
Melzani A,?De Reynal De Saint Michel R,?Ntab B,?Djossou F,?Epelboin L,?Nacher M,?Blanchet D,?Demar M,?Couppie P,?Adenis A. Incidence?and?trends?in?immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?associated?with Histoplasma capsulatum among people living with HIV: a 20-year case series and literature review[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2019: pii: ciz247. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz247. [Epub ahead of print]
[28]
Miller R, Assi M. Endemic fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practic. Clin transplant,?2019, 29: e13553
2020, Vol. 15 
