组织胞浆菌病是由组织胞浆菌引起的深部真菌疾病。播散型组织胞浆菌病为所有临床分型中最为凶险的类型，其特点为起病急、发展快、死亡率高，诊断及治疗也颇为棘手。该病既往被认为是一种地方流行性疾病，多见于美国中西部等西半球地区，我国少见且多为输入性病例。但现阶段我国本土病例也屡有报道，故本文在复习相关文献基础上总结了播散型组织胞浆菌病的流行病学现状、易感人群、临床表现、诊断方法及治疗进展，以飨读者。

Histoplasmosis is a class of fungal disease mainly caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Most of the immunocompetent people infected with Histoplasma capsulatum were self-limited and had few clinical symptoms. However, those with immunodeficiency, organ transplants and a history of travel in epidemic areas may suffer from disseminated histoplasmosis characterized by urgent onset, rapid development, and high mortality. Histoplasmosis was once considered to be an epidemic mycosis in the western hemisphere. Although it was regarded as a rare and imported infection in China, indigenous cases have been reported recently. To prevent misdiagnosis of the disease, epidemiological status, susceptible population, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment progresses of disseminated histoplasmosis are reviewed in this paper.