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2015 Vol.10 No.6
Published 2015-12-25


Invited paper
Original Article
Case Analysis
Review
) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 127KB] ( 440 )
 
Invited paper
330 WANG Li-Li, YING Tian-Lei
Research progress on human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)is a novel coronavirus, which can cause severe acute respiratory disease with a high mortality rate. Currently, MERS-CoV has spread from the main epidemic area, the Middle East area, to many other countries including United States of America, South Korea and China. MERS-CoV has raised global public health concerns regarding the current situation and future evolution. This review will mainly summarize the recent progress on developing human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MERS-CoV, describe the action mechanisms, and discuss their potential for prophylaxis and treatment of MERS. The future strategies for the rapid development of antibody-based antivirals to combat emerging viruses and diseases in an outbreak setting are also discussed.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 330-337 [Abstract] ( 250 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 688KB] ( 718 )
338 WU Huan-Yu, GONG Xiao-Huan, PAN Hao, HU Jia-Yu, HE Yi, ZHANG Xi, YUAN Zheng-An
Epidemic situation and strategies on prevention and control of Middle East respiratory syndrome

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The first case of MERS was reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. As of 17 July 2015, 1 368 laboratory-confirmed cases (490 deaths; mortality 35.82%) have been reported to World Health Organization (WHO). Since the first case reported on 20 May 2015, and as of 19 July, Republic of Korea has reported 186 confirmed MERS cases, including one case exported to China. Considering the continuous personnel exchanges between China and the Middle East Area, Republic of Korea, the possibility cannot be ruled out that imported MERS cases could emerge again in China. This review elaborates the epidemic characteristics and strategies of prevention and control of MERS.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 338-344 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2046KB] ( 2829 )
 
Original Article
345 MA Jian1, GU Wen-Jie1, JIA Xue-Rong2, HUANG Wei-Jin1, LIANG Zheng-Lun1, WANG You-Chun1
Cloning and sequence analysis of full-length cDNA of hepatitis D virus in China

The present paper aims to clone and analyze the sequence of full-length cDNA of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in China. HDV RNA was extracted from three HDV seropositive samples. cDNA was gotten by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Four overlapped fragments were amplified by nested PCR, and the products were sequenced. The full-length sequences were joined by DNAStar. The full-length cDNA of HDV was amplified by overlapping PCR using designed primers and connected to the cloning T vector. Three strains of HDV were successfully amplified and cloned. The three HDV strains were all genotype I. The nucleic acid sequence homology of the three HDV strains was over 98%. The nucleic acid molecules of three strains had at least 84% sequence homology to genotype Ib. But they had over 98% sequence homology to genotype I Chinese strain X77627. They had no more than 77% and 65% sequence homology compared with genotype II and genotype III respectively. In conclusion, we cloned full-length cDNA of three strains of HDV, which could be helpful for the further study of HDV molecular biology.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 345-350 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 875KB] ( 652 )
351 ZHANG Xiao-Ling, HE Jing, SONG Zhi-Gang, ZHANG Wan-Ju, LIU Yi, HU Yun-Wen
Epidemiological and molecular of enterovirus in acute respiratory tract infections in shanghai, China, 2009-2011

The present paper aims to analyze the etiological and molecular characteristics of enterovirus (EV) in acute respiratory infections in shanghai, China between 2009 and 2011. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 2 282 patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) complications in three sentinel hospitals in Shanghai. Enteroviruses were screened by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using RV15 kit. Then the serotypes of enterovirus were determined by semi-nested reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. The results demonstrated that 34 (1.49%) were positive for enterovirus. Among them, coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) (17.6%), CVB5 (17.6%) and CVA5 (14.7%) were most frequently detected. But rare enterovirus serotype (EV68 and CVA21) were detected. According to the N-J phylogenetic tree, the Shanghai CVA2 isolates shared high similarity (98.1%) with one Beijing isolate in 2009; the Shanghai CVA5 isolates shared high similarity (99.7%) with the mainland China strains from 2007 to 2009; the Shanghai CVB5 isolates shared high similarity (99.7%) with the mainland China strains in 2009; the Shanghai CVA21 isolates shared high similarity (99.4%) with the mainland China strains from 2002 to 2008; the Shanghai EV68 isolates shared high similarity (96.6%) with the mainland China strains from 2006 to 2008. It is concluded that CVA2, CVB5 and CVA5 are most frequently detected in acute respiratory infections in Shanghai, China between 2009 and 2011. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Shanghai isolates are closely related to the mainland isolates before 2009.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 351-358 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4029KB] ( 910 )
359 RAO Xiao-Pang1, JIE Xiao-Ming2, SONG Zhen-Hua3
Study on diabetic foot ulcer characteristics and main bacterial distribution

To investigate the clinical characteristics of diabetic foot (DF) and the distribution of bacteria. The clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes and distribution of main pathogenic bacteria of 210 DF cases in Chengyang People’s Hospital of Qingdao were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. The results showed that DF morbidity was rising. Tendon necrosis, superficial ulcer and dry and wet mixed wound were tha main manifestations. The superficial ulcer had the highest improvement rate. The infection rate of Gram positive cocci was 56.3%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen, accounting for 25.2%. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to vancomycin, linezolid and moxifloxacin were 100%, 99% and 98%, respectively. The infection rate of Gram negative bacillus was 39.8%. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis to imipenem, cefoperazone sodium and piperacillin were 99%, 98% and 95%, respectively. The results suggest that the distribution of bacteria in DF ulcers is complex. The risk factors of drug resistance include blood glucose, duration and complexity of wound. This study is helpful to guide rational selection of antibiotics in clinic.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 359-364 [Abstract] ( 370 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1168KB] ( 1198 )
365 ZHANG Jun-Qi, XIE You-Hua, WANG Wei, LIU Jing, YUAN Zheng-Hong, QU Di
Application of bacterial comprehensive experiments in medical microbiology teaching

Trough comprehensive experiment Isolation and Identification of the enterobacterial strains from human feces”,medical students received systematic training of Medical Microbiology lab techniques including traditional biochemical bacterial identification technique and modern 16S rRNA gene identification technique. These training arose students’ inspiration, enthusiasm and innovative exploration. The reform lays a solid foundation for the cultivation of application-oriented medical talents.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 365-370 [Abstract] ( 422 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 977KB] ( 729 )
 
Case Analysis
371 WANG Qing-Yun,CAO Zhong-Sheng
A case of peritonsillar abscess and deep neck abscess caused by Streptococcus bovis infection

Streptococcus bovis is the normal flora in the digestive tract of herbivores, common in the gastrointestinal tract and feces of cattle. It’s also a common bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract, and can be isolated from gastrointestinal, feces, and the food. So, people always think it is harmless to many animals and human body. But many reports say it is related with infective endocarditis, colon cancer and urinary disease. Here we report one case of peritonsillar abscess and deep neck abscess caused by Streptococcus bovis infection.This patient was older, healthy, with acute onset of symptoms, and the infection was difficult to be controlled. Streptococcus bovis infection with throat and tonsil abscess is rarely reported. Because the acute respiratory problems caused by throat and neck infections is always life-threatening the doctors should pay attention to the infection.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 371-373 [Abstract] ( 259 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 575KB] ( 623 )
 
Review
374 REN Rong-Rong1, REN Xiao-Nan1, LI Shun1, LIU Dan-Hui2, ZHOU Xiao-Hui1
A review on the animal models of hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem in the world, especially in China. Animal model is an important tool for studying HBV biological characteristics, pathogenesis of infection, virus-host interplay, screening of novel therapeutic targets and so on. In recent years, the development of various animal models accelerates HBV-related researches, however, all the existing models have their own disadvantages. Lacking of economical and applicable animal models that could imitate the natural course of human infection has seriously restricted the further study of HBV. This paper summarizes the current HBV animal models, which could provide the help for generation of ideal animal models.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 374-380 [Abstract] ( 473 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 655KB] ( 685 )
381 XUE Ying, GUO Rong-Xian, Qian Shan-Shan, AN Shu-Ming, JIAO Xin-An, GENG Shi-Zhong
Research progress on Salmonella pathogenicity islands

Salmonella is one of the main food-borne pathogens which can bring disease to human and animals. In recent years, the structure and pathogenesis mechanisms of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) have been usually studied. The research progress on SPIs’ structure and function are reviewed in this paper.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 381-389 [Abstract] ( 469 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 737KB] ( 727 )
390 ZHANG Jin-Feng,GUO Da-Wen
Progress in genotyping of Candida albicans

Due to the wide application of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, the use of invasive examination instruments, and the increase of immunocompromised patients, Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection which is most frequently encountered among fungal infections, with high mortality and poor prognosis, is increasing. Thus, early and accurate screening is crucial. Molecular typing is an important method to analyze population structure and epidemic of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, which can effectively identify the community or nosocomial infections, track the source of infection, analyze outbreaks, study population dynamics, differentiate multiple infections and assess micro-evolution. Two types of C. albicans genotyping methods are reviewed in the present paper—genotyping methods based on electrophoresis and typing methods based on sequencing technology. And multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is emphatically expounded as the current best C. albicans genotyping methods.

2015 Vol. 10 (6): 390-394 [Abstract] ( 255 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 514KB] ( 702 )
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