抗生素的滥用导致细菌耐药问题日趋严重，而新的抗生素开发相对滞后，因此目前临床针对感染性疾病的治疗面临巨大挑战。根据细菌致病机制，采用非抗生素治疗方法，包括中和或阻断细菌毒素产生、开发疫苗、调整菌群分布、应用抗微生物多肤等可减轻抗生素的使用压力，延缓细菌对抗生素耐药的产生，从而改善细菌感染患者的预后。

Antibiotic abuse induces progressive antibiotic resistance and the delayed new antibiotic development challenge therapy of bacterial infection in clinical practice. Non-antibiotic regimens against bacterial infection have been pursued with rapid progress in the past 20 years. A significant improvement in clinical outcomes might be achieved by applying neutralization of bacterial cytotoxins, vaccine development, adjustment of microflora, and antimicrobial peptide.