为了解儿童EB 病毒(EBV) 感染的疾病谱及其临床特征，本文对中山市博爱医院儿科260 例经聚合酶链反应(PCR) 诊断的EBV 感染患儿进行回顾性分析。结果表明， EBV感染患儿在临床上具有以下特征: ≤3岁病例增多，共156例，占60.0% ;EBV 感染后所致疾病多样，累及多系统，咽峡炎和发热是主要临床表现，各占95.4% 和86.5% ;外周血异型淋巴细胞≥10% 有115 例，占44.2% 。在疾病分布上， EBV感染后患儿以表现为典型传染性单核细胞增多症(IM) 为主，共217 例，占83.5% ;非典型EBV 感染(非1M)43 例，占16.5% 。非1M 以呼吸道感染为主，有32例，占74.4% ; 此外，还有噬血细胞综合征4例、自身免疫性溶血性贫血2例，以及急性淋巴细胞性白血病合并脾性淋巴瘤、系统性红斑狼疮、勒雪病、子足口病及病毒性皮莎各1例。IM 中重症病例7例，占3.2% ，非IM中重症病例8例，占18.6%( P<0.05) 。儿童感染EBV 后总体预后良好，慢性活动性EBV 感染少见，仅1 例。治愈254 例，治愈率97.7% ;好转2 例;放弃2 例;重症病例死亡 1 例。重症病例尤其是噬血细胞综合征患儿预后不良故应加强对儿童EBV感染防治工作的重视。

In order to study the disease spectrum and clinical features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in children , 260 children with EBV infection diagnosed by serum EBV DNA detection in our hospital were reviewed. The results showed that 60.0% (1 56/260) were under age of 3; angina and fever were the main clinical manifestations of EBV infection , associated with 95.4% and 86.5% of the studied cases respectively. There were 115 cases (44.2%) with ≥10% peripheral blood atypical lymphocytes. 1nfectious mononucleosis (IM) was the typical disease associated with 83.5% (217/260) of the studied cases. Among 43 untypical EBV infections, 32 were upper respiratory tract infection , 4 were hemophagocytic syndrome, 2 were autoimmune hemolytic anemia , and one of each for acute lymphoblastic leukemia accompanied by splenic lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus , Letterer-Siwe disease, hand foot and mouth disease and viral rash. 3.2% (7/217) of 1M were severe cases, 18.6% (8/43) of untypical EBV infection were severe, and the difference was significant ( P< 0.05). The prognosis of children with EBV infection was favorable in general. 254 cases were cured, with the cure rate of 97.7%. One patient developed persistent chronic active infection, 2 improved their conditions, 2 were transferred to other faciliti 凶， and 1 died. Severe cases had poor prognosis, especially in those with hemophagocytic syndrome. Therefore, more medical attention should be paid to EBV infection in children.