阐明人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）病毒体的组装过程对研究HCMV致病分子机制有重要意义，同时可为抗病毒药物的设计与运用提供新的思路。HCMV组装可概括为两大阶段：初期为入核阶段，主要为核衣壳的组装。在胞质中表达的病毒蛋白形成多种形式的多聚体进入细胞核，在核内相互作用形成衣壳并将病毒DNA装入衣壳中，核衣壳初步形成。第二阶段为出核阶段，主要涉及被膜与包膜的组装。在核中形成的原始核衣壳出核移至胞质，最终在胞质中组装完成，此过程极其复杂，涉及众多蛋白间相互作用及宿主细胞的参与。值得一提的是，组装过程中多种蛋白的变异会导致病毒复制失败。组装完成的病毒体经修饰成熟释放出细胞后，再感染新的宿主细胞。本文对HCMV病毒体组装机制的最新研究作一综述。

The assembly mechanism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the focal points of research; and the answer to this may provide new targets for intervention. The assembly process consists of two stages. The first stage begins in the cytoplasm where assembly protein precursor (pAP), protease precursor (pPR) and minor capsid protein (mCP) interact with each other and form diverse complexes. The complexes enter into the nucleus and finally form a DNA-containing nucleocapsid. In the second stage, the nucleocapsids will get tegument and envelope. It’s a complicated process involved a variety of proteins and host cells. It’s worth mentioning that structure/function defects of viral proteins may lead to the failure of assembly. The recent researches on the mechanism of assembly of HCMV are reviewed in the present paper.