长期以来，由于人肠道病毒种类众多，以隐性感染为主，引起的疾病症状从轻到重、表现多样，病原检测手段有限等原因，人们对人肠道病毒及其感染的基础与临床研究缺乏全面了解和认识。随着病毒学、分子生物学等技术的发展，特别是近年来各国频发人肠道病毒所致手足口病的流行，有必要对其及所致疾病再认识。

In 1982 , a foreign gene successfully expressed in the vaccinia virus WR strain (mouse neurotropic strain) aroused a great concern of Chinese scientists. In 1984, Dr. ZHU Ji-Ming, academician of Chinese Academy of Science organized a collaborative research group in the Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences to develop a novel gene expression system based on vaccinia virus Tiantan strain which was used to prepare smallpox vaccine for human use more than 50 years in China. After more than ten years of effort, a highly efficient vector system for foreign gene expression was successfully established and widely used for the expression of foreign genes, recombinant vaccines, and the development of monoclonal antibodies and diagnostic reagents. This paper briefly described the research and application of the gene expression system and discussed the problems and prospects of vector vaccine development.