白假丝酵母（又称白念珠菌）感染位居真菌感染的首位，由于广谱抗生素和皮质激素广泛应用、创伤性器械检查使用增加、免疫力低下患者增多，其发病率日趋增加，且病死率高、预后差，因此早期准确筛查白念珠菌对疾病的发生与发展至关重要。分子分型是分析机会性致病真菌种群结构和流行性的重要方法，能有效鉴定社区或医院内感染、追踪传染源、分析暴发流行、研究种群动力学、区分多重感染和评估微进化。本文主要针对两类白念珠菌基因分型方法（基于电泳技术的分型方法和基于测序技术的分型方法）进行综述，并着重阐述目前用于白念珠菌基因分型的最佳方法——多位点序列分型（MLST）的研究进展。

Due to the wide application of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, the use of invasive examination instruments, and the increase of immunocompromised patients, Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection which is most frequently encountered among fungal infections, with high mortality and poor prognosis, is increasing. Thus, early and accurate screening is crucial. Molecular typing is an important method to analyze population structure and epidemic of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, which can effectively identify the community or nosocomial infections, track the source of infection, analyze outbreaks, study population dynamics, differentiate multiple infections and assess micro-evolution. Two types of C. albicans genotyping methods are reviewed in the present paper—genotyping methods based on electrophoresis and typing methods based on sequencing technology. And multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is emphatically expounded as the current best C. albicans genotyping methods.