人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus，HCMV)是β疱疹病毒家族成员，全世界70%以上人口感染过该病毒。HCMV通常以潜伏感染形式存在于宿主体内，并产生了逃避宿主免疫系统识别和清除等多种能力，可通过表达HCMV基因及蛋白发挥肿瘤调节作用，干扰细胞代谢过程，促进肿瘤的发生和发展。乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，而HCMV在非肿瘤和乳腺癌患者乳腺上皮细胞中的阳性检出率较高，同时有研究表明晚期暴露于HCMV可引起乳腺癌。近期新型抗 HCMV 药物对乳腺癌靶向治疗的临床有效性也再次提示，HCMV 可能与乳腺癌的发生和发展密切相关。本文主要综述了 HCMV 的致癌潜能及其与乳腺癌发生和发展的潜在关联。

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common human pathogen infecting more than 70% of the world’s population. The virus has developed mechanisms to evade the host’s immune systems and it usually remains latent in its host. The expressed HCMV proteins have the potential to interfere with cell metabolism and promote the development of tumors. The detection rate of HCMV is relatively high in both non­neoplastic and neoplastic breast epithelium in patients with breast cancer. Meanwhile, published studies indicate that exposure to the virus in later development stages can cause breast cancer. Recent progress on new anti­HCMV targeted therapy for breast cancer also indicates that HCMV is likely involved in the progression of breast cancer. In this review, we will discuss the oncogenic potential of HCMV and the potential association of HCMV with the initiation and progression of breast cancer.