中国麻疹发病率自2008年起出现大幅度下降，但2012年底以来麻疹发病疫情呈上升趋势，部分城市出现了以成人为主的疫情暴发。导致麻疹疫情再次上升的一个可能原因是中国的麻疹疫苗实际接种率低于报告接种率，常规免疫有不到位的情况。同时，中国存在部分麻疹免疫空缺人群，既未接种过麻疹常规疫苗，也没有参加过2004—2010年的补充免疫活动。这类人群积累到一定程度后，可引起聚集性的疫情暴发。中国在消除麻疹方面虽已取得显著进展，但近年来疫情再次抬头值得警惕。进一步增加常规麻疹两剂疫苗接种率，对重点地区和人群适当增加补充免疫活动，更好地落实麻疹应急预案等，将有助于控制并消除麻疹疫情

The China’s national measles incidence rate has reduced sharply since 2008, but has arisen again since 2012, with some cities reporting multiple adult outbreaks. One possible reason for the rise of measles incidence rate may be that the actual vaccine coverage in China is lower than that reported, due to the insufficient implementation of routine immunization. Also, some populations remain susceptible to measles as they received neither routine immunization nor the supplementary immunization, and the accumulation of such populations could also cause the outbreaks in the country. China has achieved significant progress on measles elimination, but cautions should be taken to prevent the resurgence of the disease. China needs to further improve the routine vaccine coverage and the supplementary vaccination for priority regions and populations. Also, the better implementation of the measles contingency plans will further help to control and eliminate measles outbreaks in China.