宿主细胞内的DNA识别受体可识别病毒核酸分子并激活细胞天然免疫反应，从而产生抗病毒效应；同时，病毒也进化出相应机制来逃避或抑制这种免疫反应。本文总结了宿主细胞内DNA识别受体PYHIN家族识别病毒核酸并激活细胞天然免疫反应的特点和分子机制，并讨论了病毒逃避宿主天然免疫应答的方式。

The intracellular DNA sensors in host cells recognize viral nucleic acid and activate the innate immunity, then resulting in antiviral effects. However, the viral pathogens have also evolved with appropriate strategies to evade or suppress the innate immune responses. In this review, the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the immune effects of PYHIN family, one of the DNA sensors in host cells that could recognize viral DNA and activate innate immunity are discussed. The strategies of how viruses escape from the immune surveillance are also summarized.