拉沙热(Lassa fever，LF)由拉沙病毒(Lassa virus，LASV)引起，是一种通过鼠类传播给人的急性出血性动物源性传染病，病死率高。主要在西非地区流行，但在全球多个国家发现输入性病例。本文主要针对拉沙病毒的病原学特点、疾病流行现状、临床特征、实验室检测、治疗及预防进展进行综述。同时，建议在全球经济一体化的大形势下，加强对拉沙热国际防控的关注度，建立国际联防联控防治策略和措施，并将其纳入全球防控体系。

Lassa fever (LF) caused by Lassa virus (LASV) is an acute hemorrhagic zoonotic disease transmitted to humans by rodent. The disease has high mortality, and mainly endemic in West Africa. However, the imported cases have been reported in many countries worldwide. In this review, we focus on the etiology of Lassa virus, disease prevalence, clinical features, laboratory testing, treatment and prevention. In light of the global economic integration, it is recommended that the strengthening of prevention and control of Lassa fever, establishment of international strategies on prevention measures, and integration into the global system should be paid more attention.