本研究旨在比较外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者与健康女性阴道菌群结构组成的差异，分析不同优势菌与外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的相关性。招募外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者18例(VVC组)、健康女性27例(NC组)，患病组使用克霉唑治疗，健康组不进行任何干预。健康组阴道分泌物采集1次，患病组分别采样4次(用药前、用药后第10天、30天、60天)，分别提取阴道分泌物样本中的总DNA，采用高通量测序技术分析阴道分泌物样本中的细菌多样性，探讨患病组治疗前后阴道分泌物样本的菌群变化，并分析与健康人群的差异性。结果显示，VVC组女性的阴道优势菌以惰性乳杆菌(Lactobacillus iners)为主，NC组女性以卷曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus)为主。患者外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病通过克霉唑治疗后，阴道菌群构成与治疗前无显著差异。本研究证实外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者与健康女性相比，其阴道菌群组成有显著变化，且克霉唑治疗并不能促进阴道优势菌群落向健康态转变。

The purpose of this study was to compare the structural composition of vaginal microbial community between women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and healthy women, and to analyze the relevance between dominant bacteria and vulvovaginal candidiasis. A total of 18 patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC group) and 27 healthy women (NC group) were recruited. The VVC group received clotrimazole treatment, while the NC group received no treatment. The vaginal secretions of the NC group were collected once, and those of the VVC group were collected four times (before treatment and on the 10th, 30th, 60th days after treatment). Total DNA in the vaginal secretions samples was extracted respectively. The bacterial diversity in the vaginal secretions samples was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Changes in the bacterial community in the VVC group of the vaginal secretions samples before and after treatment were discussed, and the difference in the bacterial community was compared with the NC group. The results showed that the dominant vaginal bacteria in the VVC group were primarily Lactobacillus iners, while Lactobacillus crispatus dominated in the NC group. After treatment with clotrimazole, no significant difference was observed in the vaginal microbiota composition of the VVC group compared to pre-treatment. This study confirms that vaginal bacterial community composition of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis is significantly different from that of healthy women. Clotrimazole treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis can not promote the transformation of vaginal dominant bacterial community to a healthy state.