近期广东佛山市顺德地区爆发了由境外输入病例引起的基孔肯雅热（Chikungunya fever）疫情，现已造成数千感染病例。引起基孔肯雅热的病原体为基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus, CHIKV）。CHIKV是一种蚊媒甲病毒，经由伊蚊叮咬传播，引起人类发热、皮疹和关节炎等临床症状，属生物安全三级病原体。随着气候变化，主要蚊媒分布不断扩大，CHIKV流行风险增加。目前我国尚无可用于预防或治疗CHIKV感染的疫苗或抗病毒药物，避免蚊虫叮咬和控制病媒是唯一有效的预防措施。面对这一再现的传染病，本文拟通过对其病原学基础、流行特征、致病、诊断及疫苗和药物研发等进行总结，为疫情的防控提供依据。

A recent outbreak of Chikungunya fever, triggered by imported cases, was reported in Shunde district of Foshan city, Guangdong province, resulting in thousands of infections. The causative agent, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a mosquito-borne alphavirus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitos. CHIKV infection in humans manifests clinically as fever, rash, and persistent arthritis, and the virus is classified as a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) pathogen. Climate change has facilitated the expansion of mosquito vectors, escalating the risk of CHIKV transmission. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral therapies are available in China, leaving personal protection and vector control as the sole preventive strategies. To address this re-emerging threat, this review synthesizes current knowledge on CHIKV, including its virological traits, global epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and advances in vaccine and therapeutic development, offering insights for outbreak preparedness and response.