本研究旨在探究新型冠状病毒(简称新冠)感染者长新冠的临床特点及相关风险因素。选取2023年8月以前至少感染过一次新冠病毒的感染者1 209 例，随访收集人口学资料、长新冠症状，进行血常规等实验室检查，并通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析长新冠的相关风险因素。结果显示，1 209 例感染者中有146例(12.08%)报告长新冠症状，主要以乏力、咳嗽、记忆力减退等症状为主，同时实验室检查结果和非长新冠感染者相比无明显异常。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，长新冠的风险因素包括女性(aOR＝1.69，P＝0.007)、合并3种及以上基础疾病(aOR＝4.07，P<0.001)以及再感染(aOR＝1.94，P＝0.002)。本研究发现疫情防控措施优化后，以奥密克戎毒株感染为主的感染者长新冠的发生率较既往毒株低，女性、合并较多基础疾病(≥3)以及再感染是长新冠的风险因素。
蔡健鹏1
,
2
,
*
,
郭薇3
,
*
,
孙钰涵2
,
*
,
陈禹同4
,
王红羽2
,
王岩5
,
刘洪艳3
,
艾静文2
,
王森2
. 沈阳市1209例新型冠状病毒感染者“长新冠”特征及风险因素分析[J]. 微生物与感染, 2024
, 19(1)
: 27
-34
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6184.2024.01.003
The aim of the study is to analyze the clinic characteristics and the risk factors of long COVID in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2). A total of 1 209 patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 before August 31, 2023 were enrolled in this study. Demographic data, symptoms of long COVID and laboratory examination of these patients were collected. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with long COVID. 146 of 1 209 patients (12.08%) self-reported long COIVD. The symptoms of long COVID were mainly characterized by fatigue, cough, memory loss and so on. There was no significant difference in laboratory examination between patients with long COVID and patients without long COVID. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for long COVID were female (aOR＝1.69, P＝0.007), ≥3 comorbidities (aOR＝4.07, P<0.001) and reinfection (aOR＝1.94, P＝0.002). After the new measures to optimize COVID-19 response were conducted, the incidence of long COVID was lower in patients infected with Omicron strain than previous strains, and female, ≥3 comorbidities, and reinfection were risk factors for long COVID.
