生命科技的蓬勃发展与全球化步伐的持续加速，为人类社会带来了诸多福祉。然而，生物技术的两用特征和传染病严峻的流行趋势带来了一系列生物安全隐患，引发了世界性的生物安全问题。随着国际形势的日趋复杂，生物安全这一非传统安全问题已成为国家安全体系的重要组成部分。本文通过分析典型两用生物技术的潜在威胁及新发突发传染病的发展趋势，指出我国生物安全领域面临的挑战性问题。同时结合研究发达国家在战略、政策与技术方面应对生物安全的重要举措，从战略布局、科技创新、团队建设、政策支持等方面为我国在两用生物技术的生物安全领域的发展提出建议。

Rapid development of life sciences and the accelerating globalization process have benefited human society significantly. However, due to the dual-use characteristics of biotechnology and the aggravation of infectious diseases, a series of potential biosafety concerns are emerging worldwide. Along with the increasing complexity of the international situation, biosafety, one of the so-called non-traditional security issues, has become a key component of the national security system. This paper aims at dressing the challenges in the field of biosafety in China by analyzing the potential threats of typical dual-use biotechnology and the prevailing trends of the emerging infectious diseases. Meanwhile, considering significant attention and actions towards the biosafety issues, in terms of strategy, policy and technology, taken by the developed countries, several recommendations from the aspects of national strategic planning, scientific and technological innovation, team building and policy support are proposed, which will be valuable to the health and safe development of the dual-use biotechnology in the future.