结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)作为全球流行性、慢性传染病结核病的病原体，其致病机制、耐药性与其特异性细胞壁成分密切相关，尤其是脂质成分，如脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖、海藻糖二霉菌酸酯、酚糖脂等糖脂类。因此，结核分枝杆菌细胞壁脂质成分的相关研究对结核病的诊断、防治具有重要价值。本文对结核分枝杆菌细胞壁部分脂质成分的生物学活性作一综述，以期为结核分枝杆菌相关基础研究提供参考。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the pathogen of tuberculosis, a global epidemic and chronic infectious disease. Its pathogenic mechanism and drug resistance are closely related to its specific cell wall components, especially lipids, such as lipoarabinomannans, trehalose-6, 6’-dimycolates, phenolic glycolipids and other glycolipids. It is of great value to study the lipids of M. tuberculosis cell wall for the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis. In order to provide a reference for the related basic research of M. tuberculosis, this review summarized the recent progress on the bioactivity of various lipids of M. tuberculosis cell wall.