随着畜牧业发展、宠物市场增长、气候变化、生态系统破坏以及旅行和商业全球化，人与动物之间的关系在全球范围内持续加强。人类与动物之间的联系不断升级，使得病原体的威胁也不断扩散。关于人兽共患疾病的研究多集中在由动物传染给人类的疾病，如疯牛病、艾滋病、禽流感等。但是微生物的交换是相互的，近年来越来越多的研究表明人类亦会将病原体传播给动物，包括新型冠状病毒、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型流感病毒、隐孢子虫和蛔虫等。因此本文对人类疾病传染给动物的研究作一综述，为人与动物传染病的有效预防与控制提供参考。

With the development of animal husbandry, the growth of the pet market, the relationship between humans and animals continues to be strengthened globally. The distance between humans and animals has been shorten, which makes cross-species transmission easily. Research on zoonoses usually focuses on diseases transmitted from animals to humans, such as bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and avian influenza. However, the exchange of microorganisms can be carried out in both directions. In recent years, more and more reports indicate that humans are transmitting pathogens to animals, including SARS-CoV-2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, influenza A virus, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Therefore, this article reviews the diseases transmitted from humans to animals and provides a basis for the effective prevention and treatment of human and animal diseases.