肺炎克雷伯菌是一种常见致病菌，根据毒力和致病特点不同，可分为毒力相对较弱的经典肺炎克雷伯菌和高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌。目前，关于肺炎克雷伯菌分子致病机制研究较多且较清楚的主要有荚膜、脂多糖、黏附素和铁载体。这四大类毒力因子在经典肺炎克雷伯菌中也存在，但在高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌中存在的频率更高，并引发不同的免疫应答，从而使高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌具有特征性表型。本文就此进行详细介绍和讨论。

In practice, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) can be divided into classic K. pneumoniae and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae with higher frequency of existence and characteristic performance of characterized virulence factors, such as capsules, lipopolysaccharides, adhesins and siderophores. Current research and clinical progresses on hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and associated virulence factors were reviewed and discussed.